회고적인 연설의 시작 신명기 1장

신명기 1장은 모세가 이스라엘 백성에게 다시금 기억을 상기시키는 회고성 연설로 시작됩니다. 이스라엘 백성이 광야에서 40년 간 여정을 되돌아보며 하나님께서 그들에게 주신 명령과 그들의 불순종으로 인해 하나님을 뜻을 따르지 않은 결과에 대한 교훈을 줍니다. 이스라엘 백성의 출발, 정탐 사건부터 하나님의 명령에 대한 불순종 그리고 징계와 미래에 대한 약속 등 출애굽기부터 레위기까지 다 겪었던 내용입니다.

 

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이스라엘 백성의 출발

These are the words that Moses spoke to all Israel beyond the Jordan in the wilderness, in the Arabah opposite Suph, between Paran and Tophel, Laban, Hazeroth, and Dizahab. It is eleven days' journey from Horeb by the way of Mount Seir to Kadeshbarnea. In the fortieth year, on the first day of the eleventh month, Moses spoke to the people of Israel according to all that the Lord had given him in commandment to them, after he had defeated Sihon the king of the Amorites, who lived in Hesbon, and Og the king of Bashan, who lived in Ashtaroth and in Edrie. Beyond the Jordan, in the land of Moab, Moses undertook to explain this law, saying, "The Lord our God said to us in Horb, 'You have stayed long enough at this mountain Turn and take your journey, and go to the hill country of the Amorites and to all their neighbours in the Arabah, in the hill country and in the lowland and in the Negeb and by the sea coast, the land of the Canaanites, and Lebanon, as far as the great river, the river Euphrates. See, I have set the land before you. Go in and take possession of the land that the Lord swore to your fathers, to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob, to give to them and to their offspring after them.'

 

 

시내산을 떠나 광야에서의 여정을 시작했음을 회상합니다. 모세는 정작 자신은 가나안 땅을 입성하지 못한 것으로 알고 있는데요. 그래도 모세의 인도로 여기까지 왔으니 많은 생각이 들었나 보네요.

 

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일종의 영웅담?

 

일종의 영웅담처럼 모세는 하나님과 있던 일을 추억하나 봅니다. 곧 죽을 때가 되었다는 거죠. 모세는 하나님께 혼자서는 감당하지 못하겠다고 했습니다. 하나님은 별처럼 많은 후손들을 만들어 주겠다고 약속하신 말씀을 하신 것 같은데요. 이 말은 하나님이 이스라엘에게 한 말이기도 하죠.

 

 

"At that time I said to you, 'I am not able to bear you by myself. The Lord your God has multiplied you, and behold, you are today as numerous as the stars of heaven. May the Lord, the God of your fathers, make you a thousand times as many as you are and bless you, as he has promised you! How can I bear by myself the weight and burden of you and your strife? Choose for your tribes wise, understanding, and experienced men, and I will appoint them as your heads.' And you answered me, 'The thing that you have spoken is good for us to do.' So I took the heads of your tribes, , wise and experienced men, and set them as heads over you, commanders of thousands, commanders of hundreds, commanders of fifties, commanders of tens, and officers, throughout your tribes. And I charged your judgers at that time, 'Hear the cases between your brothers, and judge righteously between a man and his brother or the alien who is with him. You shall not be partial in judgement. You shall hear the small and the great alike. You shall not be intimidated by anyone, for the judgement is God'. And the case that is too hard for you, you shall bring to me, and I will hear it.' And I commanded you at that time all the things that you should do.

 

아무튼 하나님은 당신의 법을 전하며 공정한 재판을 내리도록 하였고 모세는 그들의 결정이 하나님의 뜻을 따르는 것임을 강조하며 하나님을 두려워하고 신뢰하며 정의로운 판결을 내리라고 명령했습니다.

 

 

 

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정탐과 불순종

 

 

"Then we set out from Horb and went through all that great and terrifying wilderness that you saw, on the way to the hill country of the Amorites, as the Lord our God commanded us. And we came to Kadesh-barnea. And I said to you, 'You have come to the hill country of the Amorites, which the Lord our God is giving us. See, the Lord your God has set the land before you. Go up, take possession, as the Lord, the God of your fathers, has told you. Do not fear or be dismayed.'  Then all of you came near me and said, 'Let us send men before us, that they may explore the land for us and bring us word again of the way by which we must go up and the cities into which we shall come.' The thing seemed good to me, and I took twelve men from you, one man from each tribe. And they turned and went up into the hill country, and came to the Valley of Eshcol and spied it out. And they took in their hands soe of the fruit of the land and brought it down to us, and brought us word again and said, 'It is a good land that the Lord our God is giving us.'

 

땅의 정복 이전에 정탐을 명하였고 정탐 중 정찰대는 불순종한 보고로 인해 이스라엘 백성들은 불순종하고 불안에 빠진 사건이 나옵니다. 그리고 그렇게 불순종의 결과로 하나님은 진노를 일으켰고 광야에서 40년간 방황하게 하셨습니다. 개인적으로 좀 억지스럽다는 생각이 들긴 합니다.

 

 

 'Yet you would not go up, but rebelled against the command of the Lord your God. And you murmured in your thets and said, 'Because the Lord hated us he has brought us out of the land of Egypt, to give us into the hand of the Amorites, to destrou us. Where are we going up? Our brothers have made our hearts melt, saying, 'The people are greater and taller than we. The cities are great and fortified up to heaven. And besieds, we have seen the sons of the Anakim there." Then I said to you, 'Do not be in dread or afraid of them. The Lord your God who goes before you will himself fight for you, just as he did for you in Egypt before your eyes, and in the wilderness, where you have seen how the Lord your God carried you, as a man carries his son, all the way that you went until you came to this place.' Yet in spite of this word you did not believe the Lord your God, who went before you in the way to seek you out a place to pitch your tents, in fire by night and in the cloud by day, to show you by what way you should go.

 

뭔가 부정적이고 불순하고 조직의 분위기를 깨는 행위가 얼마나 하나님의 진노를 사게하는지 새삼 실감하게 됩니다. 그래서 이스라엘 백성은 하나님의 명령에 대한 순종을 통해 하나님의 복을 받을 수 있었지만, 그들이 하나님의 뜻을 따르지 않았기에 결국 광야에서 죽음을 맞이하게 되었습니다. 

 

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그런 와중에도 여호수아와 갈렙은

 

"And the Lord heard your words and was angered, and he swore, 'Not one of these men of this evil generation shall see the good land that I swore to give to your fathers, except Caleb the son of Jephunneh. He shall see it, and to him and to his children I will give the land on which he has trodden, because he has wholly followed the Lord!' Even with me the Lord was angry on your account and said, 'You also shall not go in there. Joshua the son of Nun, who stands before you, he shall enter. Encourage him, for he shall cause Israel to inherit it. And as for your little ones, who you said would become a prey, and your children, who today have no knowledge of good or evil, they shall go in there. And to them I will give it, and they shall possess it. But as for you, turn , and journey into the wilderness in the direction of the Red Sea.'

 

 

 "Then you answered me, 'We have sinned against the Lord, We ourselves will go up andfight just as the Lord our God commanded us.' And every one of you fastened on his weapons of war and thought it easy to go up into the hill country. And the Lord said to me, 'Say to them, Do not go up or fight, for I am not in your enemies.' So I spoke to you, and you would not listen; but you rebelled against the command of the Lord and presumptuously went up into the hill country. Then the Amorites who lived in that hill country came out against you and chased you as bees do and beat you down in Seir as far as Hormah. And you returned and wept before the Lord, but the Lord did not listen to your voice or give ear to you. So you remained at Kadesh for many days, the days that you remained there.

 

정탐꾼들이 불신하고 백성들이 의심하여 수백명의 사람들이 죽어나가는 가운데 여호수아와 갈렙만큼은 신실한 믿음을 보여 하나님의 총애를 받고 축복을 받았답니다. 모세의 뒤를 이어 여호수아는 제사장까지 되었고요.