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language school/영어

출애굽기 21장

by roo9 2023. 11. 16.

출애굽기 21장은 율법에 관한 내용입니다. 당시 사회상도 엿 볼 수 있는데다 임산부를 때리고 부모를 죽이고 소가 사람을 들이받고 난리도 아니었던 세상이었나 봅니다. 하나님은 모세를 통해 일종의 사회 교화를 하신 것 같습니다. 그런 와중에 인간 노비도 인정하고 노비를 다스리는 방법도 자세히 나와 있고요. 눈에는 눈 이에는 이도 출애굽기에서 처음 나왔었네요.

 

 

 

 


귀를 뚫는 것은 노예

 

1. "Now these are the rules that you shall set before them.

2. When you buy a Hebrew slave, he shall serve for six years, and in the seventh he shall go out free, for nothing,

3. If he comes in single, he shall go out single; if he comes in married, then his wife shall go out with him.

4. If his master gives him a wife and she bears him sons or daughters, the wife and her children shall be her master's, and he shall go out alone.

5. But if she slave plainly says, 'I love my master, my wife, and my children; I will not go out free',

6. then his master shall bring him to God, and he shall bring him to the door or the doorpost. And his master shall bore his ear through with an awl, and he shall be his slave for ever.

 

 

 

인상적인 것이 귀를 뚫는 내용이 나오는데 이는 노예를 상징하는 거였네요. 귓구녕이 막혔냐는 말이 말귀를 못 알아먹는다는 의미도 있겠지만 귀를 충분히 뚫지 않아 말을 듣지 않는 것이라는 뜻도 담겼을 것 같네요. 고대 관습으로 귀를 뚫는 것이 예속 및 종속을 의미한다고 합니다. 오늘날 여성의 멋 내기 장식품이 과거에는 노예 표식이었다는 것이 흥미롭네요.

 

 

출애굽기 20장 읽기

 

 

7. " When a man sells his daughter as a slave, she shall not go out as the make slaves do.

8. If she does not please her master, who has designated her.

9. If he designates her for his son, he shall deal with her as with a daughter.

10. If he takes another wife to himself, he shall not diminish her food, her clothing, or her marital rights.

11. And if he does not do these three things for her, she shall go out for nothing, without payment of money.

 

 


 

부모 공경하지 않으면 죽는다

 

12. " Whover strikes a man so that he dies shall be put to death.

13. But if he did not lie in wait for him, but God let him fall into his hand, then I will appoint for you a place to which he may flee.

 

출애굽기 21장 12절에서 13절도 흥미롭네요. 사람을 때려 죽이면 사형에 처해질 것이지만 하나님께서 그의 손에 넘어지게 둔다면 도망갈 곳을 마련해 줄 것이다라고 하는데요. 그것이 하나님의 뜻인지는 어떻게 알 수 있는지도 궁금합니다.

 

 

 

14. But if a man wilfully attacks another to kill him by cunning, you shall take him from my altar, that he may die.

15. " Whoever strikes his father or his mother shall be put to deathe.

16. " Whoever steals a man and sells him, and anyone found in possession of him, shall be put to death.

17. " Whoever curses his father or his mother shall be put to death.

 

부모를 공경하는 것은 성경에도 나와있네요. 오직 하나님만 믿고 섬기는 내용이 아닌 가족간의 관계도 매우 중시하네요. 부모를 죽이거나, 부모를 저주하면 사형에 처해질 거라고 합니다. 

 


 

노예 제도가 있는 것이 신기함

 

18. " When men quarred and one strikes the other with a stone or with his fist and the man does not die but takes to his bed,

19. then if the man rises again and walks outdoors with his staff, he who struck him shall be clear, only he shall pay for the loss of his time, and shall have him throughly healed.

 

20. " When a man strikes his slave, make or female, with a rod and the slave dies under his female, with a rod and the slave dies under his hand, he shall be avenged.

21. But if the slave survives a day or two, he is not to be avenged, for the slave is his money.

 

동서양을 막론하고 인간 노비가 있었다는 것이 신기합니다. 누가 가르쳐주지도 않았을텐데 노비 제도는 어떻게 생겨난 걸까요. 성경에도 노비를 인정하는 것을 보면 일단 인간 사회에 외계 종족이 투입되어서 인간 사회를 인정하면서 법률을 제정한 것이 아닌가 하는 생각이 들 정도입니다. 하긴 수메르 신화를 보면 다른 행성에서 광부 노예들이 지구 행성으로 내려온 것으로 되어 있으니까요.

 

 

 

 

눈에는 눈 이에는 이

 

 

22. " When men strive together and hit a pregnant woman, so that her children come out, but there is no harm, the one who hit her shall surely be fined, as the woman's husband shall impose on him, and he shall pay as the judges determine.

23. But if there is harm, then you shall pay life for life, 

24. eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot, 

25. burn for burn, wound for wound, stripe for stripe.

 

눈에는 눈 이에는 이가 공자님 말씀인 줄 알았는데 구약 성경이 원조였네요. 눈에는 눈 이에는 이 손에는 손 발에는 발 불에는 불 상처는 상처로 채찍은 채찍으로 말입니다. 그리고 22절 내용은 임산부를 때리면 혼쭐을 내주겠다는 것인데요. 당시에도 임산부를 때리는 미개인이 있었군요. 예나 지금이나 인간의 악한 본성이 변하지 않는 것 같네요.

 

 

 

못된 송아지도 벌주고

 

 

26. " When a man strikes the eye of his slave, male or female, and destroys it, he shall let the slave go female, and destroys it, he shall let the slave go free because of his eye.

 

 

 

27. If he knocks out the tooth of his slave, male or female, he shall let the slave go free because of his tooth.

28. " When an ox gores a man or a woman to death, the ox shall be stoned, and its flesh shall not be eaten, but the owner of the ox shall not be liable

29. But if the ox has been accustomed to gore in the past, and its owner has been warned but has not kept it in, and it kills a man or a woman, the ox shall be stoned, and its owner also shall be put to death.

30. If a ransom is imposed on him, then he shall give for the redemption of his life whatever is imposed on him.

31. If it gores a man's son or daughter, he shall be dealt with according to this same rule.

32. If the ox gores a slave, male or female, the owner shall give to their master thirty shekels of silver, and the ox shall be stoned.

 

율법보다는 당시 사회상을 살짝 엿볼 수 있는 구절인 것 같습니다. 당시 소가 사람을 자주들이받았나 본데요. 소도 잘못하면 응징하고 말입니다. 

 

 

 

목축업 냄새가 짙게 나는

 

 

 

33. " When a man opens a pit, or when a man digs a pit and does not cover it, and an ox or a donkey falls into it, 

34. the owner of the pit shall make restoration. He shall give money to its owner, and the dead beast shall be his.

35. " When one man's ox butts another's, so that it dies, then they shall sell the live ox and share its price, and the dead beast also they shall share.

36. Or if it is known that the ox has been accustomed to gore in the past, and its owner has not kept it in, he shall repay ox for on and the dead beast shall be his.

 

소 얘기가 자주 나오는 걸로 봐서 목축업에 종사하는 사회가 연상되죠?

 

 

 

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